新疆白癜风QQ交流群 http://www.xianmeng.net.cn/fengshang/xinchao/870.html
History:A64-year-oldmanpresentstotheemergencydepartmentwithworseningdyspnea.
病史:64岁男性,呼吸困难逐渐加重,就诊于急诊科。
Posteroanterior(PA)andlateralchestradiographswereobtainedforfurtherevaluation.
为进一步评估拍摄了胸部正侧位片
Followingtheradiographicresults,acontrast-enhancedCTscanofthechestwasperformed.Coronal,axial,andsagittalimagesinsoft-tissueandlungwindowsareshownbelow.
根据平片的结果,行胸部增强CT扫描(软组织窗及肺窗冠状、轴位、矢状图像)
APET/CTscanalsowasperformed.
PET/CT扫描
Findings
Radiograph:ThereishomogeneousopacificationoftherightupperlobewithaGoldenSsigninkeepingwitharightupperlobetumorandassociatedobstructiveatelectasis.Thereismildbluntingoftheposteriorrightcostophrenicangleinkeepingwithasmallrightpleuraleffusion.
CT:Thereisobstructiveatelectasisandatumorintherightupperlobewithassociatedocclusionoftherightupperlobebronchus.Thereismediastinal,righthilarlymphadenopathy.Thereisasmalltomoderaterightpleuraleffusion,indeterminate.
PET:ThereisanFDG-avidrightupperlobemasswithassociatedFDG-avidleftadrenal,smallbowel,osseous,andnodalmetastases.
影像表现:
平片:右肺上叶透亮度均匀减低,右肺上叶肿瘤并阻塞性肺不张表现为“S征”。右侧肋膈角轻度变钝,提示右侧少量胸腔积液。
CT:右肺上叶肿瘤并右肺上叶支气管闭塞、阻塞性肺不张。纵隔、右肺门可见增大淋巴结。右侧少量胸腔积液。
PET:右上肺肿物及多发转移灶FDG摄取增高。
Differentialdiagnosis
Adenocarcinoma
Lymphadenopathy
Mediastinalneoplasmwithbronchialobstruction
Endobronchialmetastases
鉴别诊断:
腺癌
肿大淋巴结
纵隔肿瘤并支气管梗阻
支气管内转移
Diagnosis:Rightupperlobelungadenocarcinomawithobstructiverightupperlobeatelectasis
最后诊断:右肺上叶腺癌并右上肺阻塞性肺不张
KeypointsGoldenSsignandbronchogeniccarcinoma
Pathophysiology
TheGoldenSsignreferstorightupperlobeatelectasiswithsuperomedialdisplacementofthehorizontal(minor)fissureandassociatedhilarmassproducingthemedialconvexity.
Thesignresemblesareverse“S”configurationandissometimesalsoreferredtoasthereverseS-signofGolden.
NamedafterDr.RossGoldenwhofirstdescribedthecharacteristicreverse“S”configuration.
TheSsigncanalsobeseenwiththecollapseofotherlobes.
Thisfindingiscreatedbyacentralmassobstructingtheupperlobebronchusandshouldraiseconcernforaprimarybronchogeniccarcinoma.
病理生理:
Golden“S征”指由右上肺不张并水平裂向内上方移位同时肺门肿物导致内侧凸起所共同形成。
此征象像一个反“S”形,有时也称Golden“反S征”;
因RossGolden博士第一次描述此征象而命名。
“S征”可见于上叶塌陷;
因中央型肿物并上叶支气管梗阻时有此表现,故而出现“S征”时需考虑原发性支气管癌。
Epidemiology
Bronchogeniccarcinomaisoneoftheleadingcausesofcancerdeathsamongmenandwomen.
Approximately80%oflungcancersarenon-smallcelllungcarcinomas,includingadenocarcinoma,squamouscellcarcinoma,andlargecellcarcinoma.
Smallcelllungcarcinomaismostaggressiveandhastheworstprognosis.
流行病学
支气管癌是导致男性或女性死亡的主要原因之一。
约80%的肺癌是非小细胞肺癌,其中包括腺癌、鳞状细胞癌及大细胞癌;
小细胞肺癌最具侵袭性,预后差。
Clinicalpresentation
Clinicalmanifestationstypicallydependonthedegreeandchronicityofluminalobstruction.
Commonpresentationincludesdyspnea,cough,hemoptysis,andwheezing.
临床表现:
临床表现主要依赖管腔梗阻的程度及时间长短;
常见表现有呼吸困难、咳嗽、咯血、哮喘。
Imagingfeatures
PAchestradiograph:
Superomedialdisplacementofhorizontal(minor)fissure
Superiorconcavityofhorizontal(minor)fissure
Righthilarmassproducingmedialconvexity
Lateralchestradiograph:
Anterosuperiordisplacementofmajorfissure
CT:
Canbeusedforidentificationandcharacterizationofobstructingendobronchiallesion.
Usedtostagemalignancy(e.g.,mediastinalorhilarlymphadenopathy,pulmonarymetastases,etc.).
Intravenouscontrastistypicallynotnecessarybutmayhelptobetterdemonstratecentrallyobstructinglesion.
影像表现:
胸部正位片:
水平裂向内上方移位;
水平裂(小裂)向上凹;
右肺门肿物导致内侧凸起;
胸部侧位片:斜裂(大裂)向前上方移位;
CT:
可以明确发现支气管内梗阻性病变的特征;对恶性肿瘤进行分期(纵隔肺门淋巴结肿大、肺内转移,等等)
增强扫描不是必须的,但对更好的显示中心梗阻性病变有帮助。
反S征
鳞状细胞癌伴支气管阻塞和肺不张:胸片显示右肺门大肿块(M)伴水平裂向上弯曲移位(小箭头)呈反“S”征,可见纵隔淋巴结增大(大箭头)。
57岁男性,咳嗽数周。诊断:中央型肺癌。
正位胸片示「反S」征(黄线示)
增强CT示一巨大中央型肿块(红色箭头),并侵入右侧主支气管(黄色箭头)
冠状CT示「反S」征(绿色箭头)。
备注:更多“双语病例”可在熊猫放射